Trauma can be defined as “an event, series of events, or set of circumstances that an individual or group experiences as physically and/or emotionally harmful or life-threatening” (Champine et al., 2022, p. 459-460). Traumatic events have long-lasting negative effects on the individual’s mental, physical, and emotional health and well-being, ranging from childhood physical, sexual, and emotional abuse and neglect to natural disasters, witnessing violence, bullying, and racial discrimination.
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